{"id":2215,"date":"2020-03-24T01:00:17","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T01:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/eljihadzohra.com\/?p=2215"},"modified":"2022-01-23T10:32:50","modified_gmt":"2022-01-23T10:32:50","slug":"zohra-eljihad-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/2020\/03\/24\/zohra-eljihad-5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647 \/ \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0630\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 Science de Communication de groupe .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">\u062f- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646 Roman Jackobson &nbsp;\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1964 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&nbsp; \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0647\u064a : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \/ 2- \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 &nbsp;\/ 3- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \/4- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \/ 5- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\/ 6- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c &nbsp;\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 : \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u060c\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u064a \u061f\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u061f&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">\u0647\u0640 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 .\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1- \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629 Phase de Connexion &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2- \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 Phase d\u2019envoi des messages<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3- \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 Phase de d\u00e9connexion <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><u><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/span><\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\">\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8221; \u0641\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644&#8221; (2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-purple-color\">1- \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 :<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0623- \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a :<\/span> \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0623 \u0623- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629:<\/span> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637&nbsp; \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0623 \u0628 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 :<\/span> \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629&nbsp; \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0637\u0642\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">\u0623 \u062c- \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a :<\/span> \u0647\u0648 &#8221; \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627&#8221; (3)\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627. \u0648 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0622\u062e\u0631&#8221;.(4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f &nbsp;\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><u>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0621<\/u>: \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u064a\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><u>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 <\/u>: \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>* \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637. \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0632\u0639\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>* \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627\u063a : \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 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\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><strong>\u0630\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-heading\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">Zohra Eljihad \/ Maroc<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-vivid-red-background-color has-vivid-red-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>1- \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f : \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 36 (2001)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2- \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. http:\/\/marocsite.com\/ar\/modules\/news<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0637. 3 (1992) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u061b \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648 \u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637.1\u060c(2007)&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-vivid-red-background-color has-vivid-red-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">1- La Communication orale&nbsp;: R. Charles, C. Williame . Ed&nbsp; Nathan (1988)&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">2- Savoir Communiquer avec les autres, Burschardt Yolonde. Ed. De Vecchi (2000)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">3- Penser la communication, Dominique Wolton, Ed. Champs Flammarion (1998)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-vivid-red-background-color has-vivid-red-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>1 &#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f : \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 36 (2001)\u060c \u0635 73.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2- \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. http:\/\/marocsite.com\/ar\/modules\/news&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;3 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0637\u060c 3 (1992) \u060c\u0635 18 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4- \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635 18 &nbsp;&nbsp;-4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">5 &#8211; La Communication orale&nbsp;: R. Charles, C. Williame . Ed&nbsp; Nathan (1988)&nbsp; P .6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\" dir=\"ltr\">6- &nbsp;Savoir Communiquer avec les autres, Burschardt Yolonde. Ed. De Vecchi (2000), &nbsp;P. 26.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-vivid-red-background-color has-vivid-red-color\"\/>\n\n\n<!-- relpost-thumb-wrapper --><div class=\"relpost-thumb-wrapper\"><!-- filter-class --><div class=\"relpost-thumb-container\"><style>.relpost-block-single-image, .relpost-post-image { margin-bottom: 10px; }<\/style><h2 class=\"relpoststh-block-title\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629<\/h2><div style=\"clear: both\"><\/div><div style=\"clear: both\"><\/div><!-- relpost-block-container --><div class=\"relpost-block-container relpost-block-column-layout\" style=\"--relposth-columns: 3;--relposth-columns_t: 2; --relposth-columns_m: 2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/2020\/03\/20\/zohra-eljihad\/\"class=\"relpost-block-single\" ><div class=\"relpost-custom-block-single\"><div class=\"relpost-block-single-image rpt-lazyload\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/background-personnage-150x150.jpg\" style=\"background: transparent no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 150px; height: 150px; aspect-ratio: 1\/1;\"><\/div><div class=\"relpost-block-single-text\"  style=\"height: 75px;font-family: Arial;  font-size: 14px;  color: #333333;\"><h2 class=\"relpost_card_title\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \/ \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0630\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/2020\/03\/21\/zohra-eljihad-2\/\"class=\"relpost-block-single\" ><div class=\"relpost-custom-block-single\"><div class=\"relpost-block-single-image rpt-lazyload\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/background-press-150x150.jpg\" style=\"background: transparent no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 150px; height: 150px; aspect-ratio: 1\/1;\"><\/div><div class=\"relpost-block-single-text\"  style=\"height: 75px;font-family: Arial;  font-size: 14px;  color: #333333;\"><h2 class=\"relpost_card_title\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0630\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/2024\/06\/05\/nasif2-6\/\"class=\"relpost-block-single\" ><div class=\"relpost-custom-block-single\"><div class=\"relpost-block-single-image rpt-lazyload\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" data-bg=\"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/background-nasif2-150x150.jpg\" style=\"background: transparent no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 150px; height: 150px; aspect-ratio: 1\/1;\"><\/div><div class=\"relpost-block-single-text\"  style=\"height: 75px;font-family: Arial;  font-size: 14px;  color: #333333;\"><h2 class=\"relpost_card_title\">\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \/ \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0630. \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0628 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><!-- close relpost-block-container --><div style=\"clear: both\"><\/div><\/div><!-- close filter class --><\/div><!-- close relpost-thumb-wrapper -->\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-vivid-red-background-color has-vivid-red-color\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 ********** \u062a\u0642\u0640\u062f\u064a\u0640\u0645 : &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/2020\/03\/24\/zohra-eljihad-5\/\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2556,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[188,116,248,118,117,264],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-2215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zohra_eljihad","tag-communication","tag-zohra_eljihad","tag-maroc_morocco","tag-zohra_eljihad-2","tag-eljihadzohra","tag-264"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2215"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2215\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7467,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2215\/revisions\/7467"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2556"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2215"},{"taxonomy":"post_folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zahratalibdaewalfikr.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_folder?post=2215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}